Method and machine for performing integrations



F. J. SCHLINK.

METHOD'AND MACHINE FOR PERFORMING INTEGRATIONS.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR.20, 1919.

Patented Mar. 16, 1920.

BY MVVM M. (i ATTORNEYS.

nniefonmiuq mmafmmmuss;

* l A pnaition'fi eIi arGii 2o, 1919.:ws iiaine'esassa 7 To all whom itmay 60mm;

'- Be it'known thatI;FR RIGKEJQSGIQILI K,

which thefollowingis specification;

My invention relates a n ethodand' a maehn'ie for pei forn ingintegratlonsof any 5 desn'edorde f, and more especially tor meas- V"uring the area-of irregulansheets ofmatepe'anfromfa'desoriptionthereof;II I Ma hines [for measur ng areas have been rial, I Whioh' may be of anrelatively thin substance; and is specifically designed for' I I I I1FigQ-T is a 'diagramshowing the method of 'mejas uiiing the areaof aniri'eg-ularfsurmeasuring themes, of hi de I and in: various otherInatterswhioh will l apeproposed I comprising a nu-niber of parallel]measuring disks which werefrotatedgby the passage of-the' hide or othermaterial tojbe measured in'aedegree proportional to the Width ofthevhideion a line :througli each roller.

Those disks Oiitside. the path" of the: hide received 1101063131011,while a maximum .7 rotation was impartedfto those disks under 1 whichpassed the Widestf'par'tof the hide.-

The amounts-of rotation 0f all the disksY were, so to, speak, averagedby a system; of

equalizing levers-in the nature of erfemilyr, of swingletre'es anddonloletrees.fIheLaVer v age IOtafiOIi I tI HlS determined m indicated?by the rotationof a; pointer'oi diail to whieh the final 'doiiloletreeofthG S BI -iQS WZ LS connected, q ByTreason; of the-large n'umberofjoints whichthis construction required there was of lost'motion, andanincre'ase in the already large error. invention s-is- '-designed,

among other things, to remedy these defects Referring to the accopanying drawings,

7 xis n f machines for similar purposes by J 'edneingx'. I the errorsinherent in the fom1'e1'- l construe?" tion, by simplifying themecha1iism ,I by reng dering the mechanism much-more compo-ht;

in like .niiniei'als' I're oresent like parts throughout I i atented-Mal'.

"Figur llisfan end view of a machine eI n-; l

vbody'ingtmy inventionpr 5' shown as. broken away in theiniddle r :r 1

I 'j Fig.2 is a side'elevation ofthesameg some parts belng ionutted andthe inachineebeing i Fig is aseotion 011.1ine 34-3of-Fig-f2;

iFig. 5, .isria detail, of-:a. pawl for 'hold-ingr I one ofthe measuringunits 1Il-pOS1t1O11-;

Fig. v6 is a sect on-011 11 116:- ;66. of-Figz. 3;

o11e1of the ineasiiring'units; and

face, as, $015 e emplea hide.-,

mg "an area j,bytotalizi11g; forces plfo-pob ordinates Z),preferably'eqiiallyspaced, drawn .ured; ylhis isgfequivalent to addingupfthe lengthsof these lilies theinselves, andtheresult; whenmultipliedby a-faet r proportionalto thexspaoini of the linesandtheirnumber, jsl proportional to the area toj be B i -igfly,%my inventionconsists in ineasiir ll ig'. tis a section on line 4- 1: ofFig-3;

. ShOWingithe adjustment fori'the-spring of] I I tionat'efit'o thelengths bf mend [lines- 01' '7 5- across tl i esurface'Whosefarea'is tobe melts v,

ishownzfis measured *hetween the opposite edges ofthe stoekandiiiiiltipli'efd by the dis-'- tance between the -l1nes,-jtheresult willlook I j 1 series of 81112111 areas corresponding: 'aip'k firoxirhatdytoareasof thestookeaolihav ing one otfthe parallels for aj'ce'nter andext-' tending halfway to the adjacent parallels'.

3 area; isdeterniined; 'By my invention, in

'By totalizing ltliese small 'areasgtlie- Whole; 4.

t stead'of'adding' 'distanoes direetly, a succession of forcesproportional to thelengths' of the several 1 parallels is -tot'al izedand" the tot'al-lonverted, to area'jeither by calibra- "may niu'eheoniplexity andto avoid almost ent rely the effect of lostmotion.ispreferable to add-these forces in the fo'nn' I balanoed oonditio'ns inWhich more completely: eliminated;

- 'Myiinvention I win nm be 'desofibed tittof elastioftensiolis,"torsions, or compressions 7 by the use-of springs, as this lendsitself-to pairtieularre'ference to :the draiifings; which shoW thepreferred embodiment thereof,- in

Whichspiral springs 2M8 used as agencies for converting the distancemeasurements into forces. As in prior machines for measuring areas ofstock such as hldes, the Work 0, 1S

fed through the machine by along feed, roller 10, coupled to a source ofpoWerin. any convenientmanner, as by a pulleylL. Brackets 12, ateitherend of tlie'machine,

support a shaft 18 about which levers 14: are free to turn. The end ofeach of these levers carries a measuring; disk' 15 and a small pinion16. :The passageof the stock under each measuring-disk raises it,thisactlon being perniltted by the freemounting oflever '14, and meshespinion ldWitlrit gear 17, supportedon a sleeve 18, forming part of abracket 19, fast; on a rod 20, fixed in bracketslQ." This geaig'withits-mounting and appended parts, forms .partof the totalizing mechanism,inWhich my inyention' differs from the machines formerly used; A collar21 secures gear 17 against endwise movement. i i V Passing freelythroughfall the sleeves 18 "and having bearing in extensions 22 ofbrackets 12 is a-shaft23 carrying, adjacent each gear 17, a hairspringThe inner end of each spring vis attached tethe shaft in any suitablemanner, as by passing its end into a slot 25, and its outer endis secured to a pin 26 on gear 17; a The springs themselves may be made of awide range of stiffness, provided that all theisprings are;- of closelyequal. strength and that the tension is not suflicient to cause slippageof the measuring disks against the stock.

Provision is made for adjusting the springs by a pin 27 havinga slot 28in its outer end to snugly receive the spring and haying a squaredportion running in a slot 30 in gear 17. The latter slot iswidened onthe side opposite the spr ng to accommodate anut 31 for holding the pinin adjust ed position. By shifting the pin along in the slot,jthe activelength of tliespring is varied, the action being similar totheadjustmentof the balance spring in a Watch. The form of adjustment"shown is illustra tive merely, and equivalent results may he obtained byother means. For example, the

springQL may be slidably clamped in pin 26 or be attached thereto by anadjustable To hold thegears 17 in the position to which theyare turned,a pawl82 is provided for each. The paWls are loosely mounted on a rod 33extending between the brackets 12 and are pressed 'lightlyfagainst thegear as by springsgi, best shown in F1g55.

trip the pawls a rod 35, .rotatable in brackets 12, has a handle'36andarms 37,38, carryingat their ends a rod 39 which, Whenthe gear teeth.

To stop the gears 17 in What may belcalled;

No, ratchet teeth are provided, as the gear teeth g are of'fine pitchand serve the purpose. To

handle isswu'ng upwardly, contacts with the pawls and anoves them clearof the a zero position, When the machine is reset for the purpose of takng new;reading,

lugs 40' are provided, adapted to abut against a rod il, preferablycovered by a rubber tube 4:2 toreduce the shock.

andwhichmay be -Wound in. a direction opposite to that of springs-2i.The inner end of'this spring is-fastened to theshaft 23, and the outerend to a pin are onbracket 12. For thepu'rpose of calibration, thisspring is Each .spring:isplaced ;'uircler an initial tension preferablyfitted "with all adjustment similar The amount of rotation of the shafti23 is indicated by a pointer d5 fixed to' the end of the shaft, and adial efiyiinounted on a bracket 27 extending from one of. the 1 brackets12,01 by any other suitableniechai nism which may be of a type whichwill magnify the IIIQlJlGlLOf shaft-23, if desired.

brief dcsor-iptionof the operation'of the devlcewill now be given. "Thestockto be" ineasu-red is passed over roll 10 inthe direction cf thestraight arrow-Lin Fig.3, 'Asesoon as anyfpart of the stock comes undera measuring disk 15, the latter is raised, bringingpin'ion 16 into meshithgear 17; Fur-' ther motion ofthe stookcauses, rotation of gearli'uandconsequent tensiening of spring 2d. The same-sequence takes place w thall measuring units which are influenced by the passageof thestock. Theamount of rotation given to shaft 23, andconsequentlyto pointer 4L5,depends upon thetotal tension given to springsfli and theresistanceoffered by spring The gears of those measuring units, Whose measuringdisksare not acted upon by the stock remain'stationary with.

lugs 40 against buffer d2, but the springs of these units are slackedoff by the rotation 'of shaft 23. The amount of initial tension giyentoeach springis sufiieientin amount to accommodate, the maximum 1 rotationlikely to be given to shaftQiBfsoQthatlugs 40 will remain in contactwith the buifenat all times Whenthe gears are not rotated'by themovement of the stock past theineasuring disks; It is notnecessarythan-he initial tensions of thesprings shall. be equal, but it isdesirable that-the springsshall all" be of the same strength; that-is,that the ratio between spring tensionor torque and the re tationproducing it shall be equal for, all

to that "supplied for springs 24-," althoughf his has not beenshown inthe drawings;

1 i-fibut in the latter case the "dial itself isfjcjali-r I: brated.After-the; piece of stock .jhas been run vthrough;themachine and the freading '4 taken, the pawls are trippedf allowing the position, and.the' machineis, ready for 1 all?- other operation; j 1 It will benotedthat s11an;:23;- has. but-two: 7 bearing points, as the gearsllTh'ave bearing, '20 I 1 from the, .shaft. This eliminates very c fla'rgely'the er rors due to friction-asthesha-ft is subjected merely totheturning' efi'ect's oi",

the various-springs. All the ebearings have' beenshown as beingofthefplain type but it Wlll'b understood that it-may be des'irunits.nns time imam.jtnsmaity. the

a inactive springs aifects ,th'ereading on dial 46' in the -matteroffcalibratio'n only, -no"- matter how many springs, are. idle;

area. In the first two instances, calibration charts or a multiplyingfactor must be nsed.

to reduce the dial'readingto terms of area,

springs and gear to; return to their zero noton the shaft; but onsleeves 18, spaced I able tonse anyone of the com nontypes ofanti-friction bearings, such as balls or roll I ers.

andhence have not been illustrated. 1. c The integration accomplished bythe 1 method above described corresponds to the function 20,; o Bysuitable Variations being made in the tensions oi the various springs,integratlons corresponding to the function's [of inertia about, an axispassing through the left-hand margin of the machine, the springs aremade of strengthsrespectively proporti'onalto the square of the distanceofea-tch' l spring from theaxis. "As the main utility efmy invention"will be ioinidinthe Incas; V "'nrement of areas, I have described itwith derstood,.howeven that higher integrations that use in theforeground; It will be un} than areas can be performed withoutde partingfrom 'my; invention.

While I have shown one form ofmachine embodying my invention,- I do notdeemgmy-.

" ,self limited thereto, as itniay'receivevarions These form no part ofmyinvention:

"a proportionate force, means for totalizing all the force total vsociated with each disk; means to cause rela-.

3; Inadevice ofthe characterdescribedl a plurality of measuring disks; aspring and means forindicatihlg 1 6 tive. motion between the; stock.whose 'ar'ea-"is i to be measured and the disks, Where'byrota-f tionisimpart'ed tofleach-disk and thespring associated therewith is:tensioned a; and means to totalize the tensionsof all' the springs. 3 a;In adevic'e of the characterdescribed,V;

a plurality of measnringrdisks, va spring as 1 soclated with each'adisk, COlHIECtIODS b -Z tween the disksqand springs whereby the:

'and means for-holdingall, the springs. in.v

their tensioned position until a reading can Lbetaken. Y

1.52 111 adevice of thecharacterdescribed-"x 'a-shaft; a -plurality ofsprings each having in one end attached to the shaft, means forimparting to each spring a tension proportional to an ordinate of thearea to be measfured, a springopposing. thectension' of the first namedspr1ngs,1and means actuated by the shaft forindicating thetotaltension,"

' 6.] In a device ofthe character described;

a shaft, a plurality of'springs eachhavin'g oneend attached to the shaftmeans for ima.

parting to each sprin .a tension propors ti-onal to an ordinate of thearea tob meas ured, a spring opposing the tension of the first namedsprings, means for ind catlng ice the total tension, means for holding:the springs in their tensioned position until a j) reading canbetaken,'and means for returning-the springs totheir, initial position}ieedingfthe stock to be measured past the 7 1 05 In a device of thecharacter described; x a plural ty of measuring disks; means for'associated with each disk; a shaft upon which onejend of each springismounted; connections between the other end of the V springs and"their" corresponding disks, whereby thesprings are tensionedproportionately' to the rotation of their respective ldisksgfa spring onthe shaft adapted to resist the rotation of the, shaft; and'a scale 1,for indicating the amountgf r t ti of h "Shaft; e V v,

aplurality of measuring disks; means for feeding the vwork -to, fbemeasured past the V 1'20 'SLfIn a device of the character described;

disks; whereby the disks areirotatedpropor V V tionately to. the width"of the work; a spring;

125, associated with each disk; alshaft' upon WhichPOne-end of 'each'of'the. springs is 'f jmounted; connections between the other end of thesprings and their corresponding disks,

v, whe ieby the springs are tensionedpropor- 4; 'naaa ssvj spring on.the shaft adapted to resist the ro tation of the shaft; a scale forindicatingthesamount of rotationjof the shaft; and

m eansrafor releasing all the pa'Wls. i

- 91111 a deviceof the character described,

a shaft, a plurality of members rotatably mounted concentricwviththeshaft butoutofcontact therewith, a spring connecting. .each -memberwith theshaft, a totalizing" spring attached to the shaft and opposingthe tensions of the first-namedsprings, means to impart to the membersrespective rotations proportionate to a spaced ordinates ofthe area tobe measured, and means for indicating thezunount of rotation of theshaft.

I 10. In a device of the character described,

a shaft, a {pluralityof gears rotatably mounted concentric with theshaft but out of contact therewith, .a spring connecting each gear-tothe shaft, a totalizingspring attached to the shaft and opposing thetension ofthe first-named springs, a plurality of measuring disks eachoperatively connected to one of thejgears, and means for indicating theamount of rotatlon of the -30 "11; {In a deviceof'the characterdescribed,

shaft. i

atotalizing shaft, a plurality ofineasuring 'ofsuch members.

FREDERICK J. SCHLINK.' p

